Which logical fallacies rely on the (incorrect) assumption that characteristics of a person who proposes or believes in an idea affect the validity of the idea?

i) Appeal to ignorance
ii) Argument from antiquity
iii) Argument from authority
iv) Appeal to novelty
v) Ad hominem

Question

Which logical fallacies rely on the (incorrect) assumption that characteristics of a person who proposes or believes in an idea affect the validity of the idea?

i) Appeal to ignorance
ii) Argument from antiquity
iii) Argument from authority
iv) Appeal to novelty
v) Ad hominem

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Ad hominem rejects an idea by attacking the character, motive, or other attributes of the person making the claim rather than addressing the claim itself; argument from authority (when fallacious) accepts a claim as true because a particular person or group endorses it. Both fallacies therefore rely on attributes of the proposer or believer to judge the claim’s validity.

Relevant knowledge points:
- Genetic fallacy family: judging a claim by its source or origin instead of its merits.
- Ad hominem: discredits a claim by attacking the claimant (character, motives, circumstances).
- Argument from authority (fallacious appeal to authority): accepts a claim solely on the basis of who said it rather than on evidence or reasoning.
- Appeal to ignorance: asserts a proposition is true because it hasn’t been proven false (not about the proponent).
- Argument from antiquity (appeal to tradition) and appeal to novelty: judge claims by age or novelty, not by who proposed them.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Examine each option for whether it bases truth/validity on characteristics of the person who proposes or believes the idea.
2. i) Appeal to ignorance: depends on absence of disproof; unrelated to the person → incorrect.
3. ii) Argument from antiquity (appeal to tradition): depends on longevity or past acceptance, not on personal characteristics → incorrect.
4. iii) Argument from authority: explicitly uses the authority or status of a person as the reason to accept the claim → matches the criterion.
5. iv) Appeal to novelty: values a claim because it is new; again, not about the person → incorrect.
6. v) Ad hominem: rejects or discredits the argument by attacking the person making it → matches the criterion.

Why the correct answers are correct: Both argument from authority and ad hominem make the acceptability of a claim depend on who asserts it (their authority, status, or personal traits), which is precisely the incorrect assumption described.

Therefore the correct choice is iii and v, matching the provided answer.

Which logical fallacies rely on the (incorrect) assumption that characteristics of a person who proposes or believes in an idea affect the validity of the idea? i) Appeal to ignorance ii) Argument from antiquity iii) Argument from authority iv) Appeal to novelty v) Ad hominem单项选择题

类似问题

Which logical fallacies rely on the (incorrect) assumption that the age of an idea/practice/remedy supports the validity of the idea? i) Appeal to ignorance ii) Argument from antiquity iii) Argument from authority iv) Appeal to novelty v) Ad hominem

Which of the following is not an example of a logical fallacy?

Which logical fallacies rely on the (incorrect) assumption that characteristics of a person who proposes or believes in an idea affect the validity of the idea? i) Appeal to ignorance ii) Argument from antiquity iii) Argument from authority iv) Appeal to novelty v) Ad hominem

Which logical fallacies rely on the (incorrect) assumption that the age of an idea/practice/remedy supports the validity of the idea? i) Appeal to ignorance ii) Argument from antiquity iii) Argument from authority iv) Appeal to novelty v) Ad hominem

Ad Hominem

Which of the following conversions results in the formation of a different shape around the carbon atom?

Consider compound X which is an ester:X reacted with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and formed compounds M and N. X reacted with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution and produced compounds M and Q. M is a :

A compound, Y, when mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, formed bubbles of gas. Compound Y:

更多留学生实用工具

智能学习助手

风格化写作助手

论文查重助手

文献引用助手

课堂转译助手

课堂笔记助手

Quiz搜索助手

学校历年真题

智能刷题助手

智能匹配练习

希望你的学习变得更简单