Which logical fallacies rely on the (incorrect) assumption that the age of an idea/practice/remedy supports the validity of the idea?

i) Appeal to ignorance
ii) Argument from antiquity
iii) Argument from authority
iv) Appeal to novelty
v) Ad hominem

Question

Which logical fallacies rely on the (incorrect) assumption that the age of an idea/practice/remedy supports the validity of the idea?

i) Appeal to ignorance
ii) Argument from antiquity
iii) Argument from authority
iv) Appeal to novelty
v) Ad hominem

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Argument from antiquity (appeal to tradition) and appeal to novelty both hinge on age: antiquity claims “it’s true because it’s old,” while novelty claims “it’s better because it’s new.”

1) Relevant concepts
- Argument from antiquity (appeal to tradition): asserts that something is correct or superior because it has been long established or is traditional. The key (incorrect) assumption is that longevity implies truth or value.
- Appeal to novelty: asserts that something is correct or superior because it is new or modern. The key (incorrect) assumption is that newer automatically equals better or more valid.
- Appeal to ignorance: claims something is true/false because there is no evidence to the contrary; this relies on absence of evidence, not age.
- Argument from authority: relies on the opinion of an authority figure rather than direct evidence; it is about source credibility, not the idea’s age.
- Ad hominem: rejects an argument by attacking the person making it; unrelated to age.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- The question asks which fallacies assume age (oldness or newness) supports validity.
- Argument from antiquity explicitly assumes age/longstanding use confers correctness → matches requirement.
- Appeal to novelty explicitly assumes newness confers superiority or validity → also matches.
- Appeal to ignorance, argument from authority, and ad hominem do not base their (incorrect) reasoning on the age of the idea; they rely on different faulty inferences (absence of evidence, misplaced deference to authority, or personal attack).

3) No calculations required; reasoning is categorical elimination.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Both ii and iv explicitly rely on age-related assumptions: ii asserts oldness implies correctness; iv asserts newness implies correctness. These are exactly the incorrect assumptions named in the prompt.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- i (appeal to ignorance) and v (ad hominem) do not depend on age, so options including them are wrong.
- iii (argument from authority) depends on who endorses an idea, not on how long it has existed.
- Any answer that pairs a non-age-based fallacy with one that is age-based is therefore incorrect.

6) Conclusion
Therefore the correct choice is ii and iv, which matches the provided answer.

Which logical fallacies rely on the (incorrect) assumption that the age of an idea/practice/remedy supports the validity of the idea? i) Appeal to ignorance ii) Argument from antiquity iii) Argument from authority iv) Appeal to novelty v) Ad hominem单项选择题

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Ad Hominem

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