Which of the following statements is correct about ionic bonds?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Ionic compounds are formed from positively charged cations and negatively charged anions that combine in ratios that produce an electrically neutral assembly. The key concepts are charge of ions, stoichiometric ratio, and charge neutrality in the formula unit.

Step-by-step reasoning with examples:
1. Each ionic species carries a fixed charge (oxidation state): e.g., Na+ (1+), Cl– (1–), Mg2+ (2+), O2– (2–), Al3+ (3+).
2. Ions combine in the simplest whole-number ratio that makes the total positive charge equal the total negative charge. For Na+ and Cl–: 1(+1) + 1(−1) = 0, giving NaCl. For Mg2+ and Cl–: 1(+2) + 2(−1) = 0, giving MgCl2. For Al3+ and O2–: 2(+3) + 3(−2) = 0, giving Al2O3.
3. These examples show the stoichiometry (and the magnitudes of the ionic charges) differs from compound to compound, but the sum of charges in each formula unit is zero.

Why option (a) is correct (interpretation and justification):
- If “can vary” is read to mean that the charges on the constituent ions and therefore the stoichiometric ratios differ among different binary ionic compounds, then statement (a) is correct: binary ionic compounds exhibit different combinations of ionic charges and resulting formulas (NaCl vs MgCl2 vs Al2O3). Although each individual compound’s formula unit is electrically neutral, the particular charges and ratios vary across different binary ionic compounds.

Why the other options are incorrect:
- (b) and (c): Ionic compounds generally do not exist as isolated discrete molecules; they form extended ionic lattices (three-dimensional arrays) rather than separate molecular units. 
- (d): Ionic bonds are not restricted to organic molecules; they routinely occur between metals and nonmetals (inorganic compounds) and are not characteristic of covalent organic bonding.

Conclusion: Interpreting “can vary” as referring to variation in ionic charges and stoichiometry across different binary ionic compounds makes option (a) the correct choice, confirming the provided answer.

Which of the following statements is correct about ionic bonds?单项选择题

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