Ionic bonds form when:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Ionic bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, producing oppositely charged ions that attract each other electrostatically.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts:
- Atoms form bonds to achieve more stable (usually full valence) electron configurations.
- Metals tend to lose valence electrons and become positively charged cations; nonmetals tend to gain electrons and become negatively charged anions.
- An ionic bond is an electrostatic attraction between cations and anions created by electron transfer.
- A common rule of thumb: a large electronegativity difference (typically > ~1.7) between two atoms favors ionic bonding over covalent bonding.

2) Step-by-step reasoning process:
- Consider sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) as a canonical example. Na has one valence electron; Cl has seven.
- Sodium can achieve a noble-gas configuration by losing one electron; chlorine can achieve it by gaining one electron.
- Electron transfer: Na → Na+ + e- ; Cl + e- → Cl-.
- After transfer, Na+ and Cl- attract each other by Coulombic (electrostatic) forces, forming the ionic lattice NaCl. The bond is therefore due to transferred electrons producing opposite charges.

3) Intermediate steps shown:
- Initial valence counts: Na (1 valence e-), Cl (7 valence e-).
- Transfer step: Na (1) loses e- → Na+ (0 valence e- in outer shell) ; Cl (7) gains e- → Cl- (8 valence e-).
- Resulting ions: Na+ and Cl- → attraction → ionic bond.

4) Why the correct answer is correct:
- The defining feature of an ionic bond is formation of ions by electron transfer and the resulting electrostatic attraction. The process and example above directly illustrate that.

5) Why other options are incorrect:
- "Electrons are shared" describes covalent bonds, not ionic bonds.
- "Hydrogen bonds form" describes a weak intermolecular attraction (between polar molecules), not primary bond formation between ions/atoms.
- "Protons move" is not the mechanism for chemical bonding; protons reside in nuclei and do not transfer between atoms in ordinary chemical bond formation.

Conclusion: The correct choice is "Electrons are transferred," which matches the provided answer.

Ionic bonds form when:单项选择题

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