Which of the following statement about Hydrogen bonds is correct?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
A hydrogen bond involves a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (commonly N, O, or F) — the hydrogen-bond donor — interacting with a lone pair on another electronegative atom — the hydrogen-bond acceptor. The interaction is largely electrostatic with some partial covalent character, is directional, and is stronger than typical van der Waals forces but weaker than a true covalent bond. Hydrogen bonding is crucial to the properties of water, protein secondary structure, and many molecular associations.

2. Complete reasoning process step by step
- For a hydrogen bond to form you need (a) a polar X–H bond where X is electronegative (making H partially positive) and (b) an electronegative atom with a lone pair to accept the interaction. 
- The partially positive H interacts with the lone pair on the acceptor; this can be described informally as the H being “shared” between the two electronegative atoms (it remains covalently attached to the donor but is attracted to the acceptor).
- This interaction is therefore polar in nature because it involves regions of partial positive and negative charge.

3. Intermediate steps / illustrative points
- Donor example: O–H or N–H creates δ+ on H.
- Acceptor example: O or N with a lone pair provides δ– region.
- Result: O–H···O or N–H···O style hydrogen bonds, with characteristic bond energies (~5–40 kJ/mol).

4. Why the correct answer is correct
Choice d states: “A hydrogen bond is a polar bond formed when a hydrogen atom is shared between two electronegative atoms.” This captures the essential features: polarity, involvement of a hydrogen attached to one electronegative atom, and interaction with another electronegative atom (the notion of being “shared” reflects the hydrogen interacting with both donor and acceptor).

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- a. Incorrect: an acceptor alone cannot form a hydrogen bond; a suitable donor (X–H) is also required.
- b. Incorrect: stating “only requires a H-bond (e.g. OH, NH)” omits the need for an acceptor; both donor and acceptor are necessary.
- c. Incorrect: water’s structure and many of its properties (high boiling point, surface tension, solid-state lattice) directly depend on hydrogen bonding.

6. Conclusion / confirmation
Therefore, the correct choice is d, matching the provided answer.

Which of the following statement about Hydrogen bonds is correct?单项选择题

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