Alcohols can:[Fill in the blank]

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Alcohols contain an –OH group in which oxygen is electronegative and bears two lone pairs while the hydrogen bonded to oxygen is partially positive; therefore alcohols can act as both hydrogen-bond donors and hydrogen-bond acceptors.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Hydrogen-bond donor: a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strongly electronegative atom (O, N, or F) that can form an H···A interaction. In alcohols the O–H hydrogen is the donor.
- Hydrogen-bond acceptor: an electronegative atom with lone pair(s) that can accept H···A interactions. In alcohols the oxygen atom has two lone pairs and serves as an acceptor.
- Hydrogen bonding can occur intermolecularly (between two alcohol molecules or between an alcohol and water) or intramolecularly when geometry permits.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Identify functional group: an alcohol has the formula R–O–H.
- Donor capability: the O–H bond makes the hydrogen partially positive (δ+), enabling that hydrogen to form H···O or H···N hydrogen bonds with lone-pair-bearing atoms on other molecules → qualifies as a hydrogen-bond donor.
- Acceptor capability: the oxygen atom has two lone pairs (unshared electrons) and is electronegative, so it can accept a hydrogen bond from a hydrogen on another molecule → qualifies as a hydrogen-bond acceptor.
- Therefore any typical alcohol molecule can both donate (via its O–H hydrogen) and accept (via oxygen lone pairs).

3) Calculations
- No numerical calculations are needed; the conclusion follows from the molecular structure.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
Because the defining O–H group provides a proton donor site and the oxygen’s lone pairs provide an acceptor site, alcohols possess both roles in hydrogen bonding.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- (a) “only be hydrogen bond donors” neglects oxygen’s lone pairs, so it’s incomplete.
- (b) “not be hydrogen bond acceptors” is false because oxygen’s lone pairs clearly allow acceptance.
- (d) “neither donor nor acceptor” contradicts the presence of O–H and lone pairs.

Conclusion: The correct choice is c. be both hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, which matches the provided answer.

Alcohols can:[Fill in the blank]单项选择题

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Alcohols can:[Fill in the blank]单项选择题

类似问题

Which of the molecules below would you expect to have the highest boiling point?[Fill in the blank]

Which of the following statements is true?[Fill in the blank]

How many hydrogen bonds could the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) naproxen theoretically participate in at the same time? A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7

How many hydrogen bonds could the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) naproxen theoretically participate in at the same time? A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7

Which of the following statement about Hydrogen bonds is correct?

When the ________ molecules of ethanol, C2H5OH, are added to water, the ethanol molecules ________. 当乙醇________分子 C 2 H 5 OH 加入水中时，乙醇分子会________。

Which of the following statement about Hydrogen bonds is correct?

Which of the following statement about Hydrogen bonds is correct?

更多留学生实用工具

希望你的学习变得更简单

When the molecules of ethanol, C2H5OH, are added to water, the ethanol molecules . 当乙醇分子 C 2 H 5 OH 加入水中时，乙醇分子会。