Which statement BEST captures a major ethical distinction between the “switch,” “loop,” and/or “bridge” variants of the trolley problem as they are discussed in AI ethics?单项选择题

The loop case is generally judged morally less problematic because the death of the person on the track functions as a foreseen side effect rather than the direct means of stopping the trolley, unlike the bridge and switch cases

The bridge case is often judged more harshly because harm is inflicted through direct personal force, whereas the switch and loop cases involve more indirect forms of allowing death

The switch and bridge cases are frequently judged as morally equivalent compared to the loop case, because in both scenarios the death of one individual plays a necessary causal role in preventing greater harm elsewhere

The switch and loop cases differ from the bridge case primarily because the bridge scenario introduces uncertainty about whether pushing the person will successfully stop the trolley in time

In all three cases, the moral issue is fundamentally judged identical because each scenario ultimately involves sacrificing one life to save a larger number of people