Which of the following is correct information about substance withdrawal as defined in the DSM-5?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Withdrawal is a substance-specific syndrome that develops when a person who has engaged in prolonged, heavy use of a substance significantly reduces or stops using that substance. This is the core DSM-5 definition and immediately identifies the correct answer.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- DSM-5 defines withdrawal as a syndrome of physiological and behavioral signs and symptoms that occur after cessation or reduction of a substance following prolonged heavy use.
- Withdrawal is distinct from intoxication (initial pleasurable or acute effects) and is substance-specific: different substances produce characteristic withdrawal symptom clusters.
- Diagnosis requires clinically significant distress or impairment and exclusion of other medical/psychiatric causes; it does not require the person to have sought medical treatment.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Compare each option against DSM-5 criteria:
  a) “Initial pleasurable effects” describes intoxication, not withdrawal → inconsistent with DSM-5.
  b) “Substance-specific syndrome after stopping or reducing prolonged and heavy use” matches DSM-5 wording exactly → consistent.
  c) “Can only be diagnosed if the individual seeks medical treatment” is false; seeking treatment is not a DSM-5 diagnostic criterion.
  d) “Symptoms are unrelated to the type of substance used” contradicts the substance-specific nature of withdrawal.

3) Intermediate steps / checks
- Check for required elements: cessation/reduction of use (present in b), prolonged heavy use (present), substance-specific syndrome (present), clinically significant distress/impairment and rule-out of other causes (implied by DSM-5; not stated in the distractors).

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Option b restates the DSM-5 definition: withdrawal is substance-specific and occurs after stopping/reducing prolonged heavy use. It captures the essential temporal and etiological relationship required for diagnosis.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- Option a confuses withdrawal with intoxication.
- Option c incorrectly makes medical treatment a diagnostic prerequisite.
- Option d contradicts the DSM-5 requirement that withdrawal symptoms are linked to the specific substance class.

6) Conclusion
The correct answer is: “Withdrawal is a substance-specific syndrome that occurs after stopping or reducing prolonged and heavy substance use.” This matches the provided answer.

Which of the following is correct information about substance withdrawal as defined in the DSM-5?单项选择题

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