How could a manager use expectancy theory to boost employees’ motivation?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To understand how expectancy theory could be used to boost motivation, we should examine how it emphasizes expectancy (belief that effort will lead to performance), instrumentality (belief that performance will lead to outcomes), and valence (value placed on those outcomes).
Option 1: 'by lowering their levels of autonomy and responsibility as they gain experience' This would likely undermine intrinsic motivation and perceived autonomy, which can reduce effort. Expectancy theory would predict that autonomy can enhance motivation because it supports perceived control and investment in the task, so this is not aligned with the theory.
Option 2: 'by expressing confidence in their competence and ability to successfully reach the goal' This directly strengthens expectancy by reinforcing belief that effort can lead to performance. It also supports instrumental thoughts if the manager links performance to valued outcomes, and it positively affects self-efficacy. This is a classic managerial move under expectancy theory.
Option 3: 'by not requiring intensive training programs' Skipping or neglecting training can reduce a worker’s actual ability to perform, thereby lowering expectancy. If employees doubt that they can perform at the required level, motivation drops, which contradicts expectancy theory.
Option 4: 'by assigning them easily achievable tasks' While some quick wins can help, tasks that are too easy may fail to produce meaningful effort or a sense of challenge, diminishing effort over time. Expectancy theory emphasizes that tasks should be challenging yet achievable to sustain motivation through expectancy and valence.
Option 5: 'by giving them advice frequently and monitoring their performance constantly' Excessive monitoring can feel controlling and undermine autonomy and intrinsic motivation. While guidance can help, over-monitoring may reduce perceived autonomy and may not effectively bolster expectancy or instrumentality if it signals mistrust. Expectancy theory would favor supportive guidance that enhances self-efficacy rather than micromanagement.

How could a manager use expectancy theory to boost employees’ motivation?单项选择题

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