__________ explains why employees are highly motivated if they believe that working hard will lead to high performance and ultimately desired outcomes.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: The prompt asks which theory explains why employees are highly motivated if they believe that working hard will lead to high performance and ultimately desired outcomes.
Option 1: 'The need for power' is a component of McClelland's theory focusing on a desire to influence others, not a general explanation that links effort to performance and outcomes.
Option 2: 'Intrinsic motivation' emphasizes internal drive from the task itself, such as interest or enjoyment, but the stem describes a cognitive belief chain from effort to performance to outcomes, which is broader than intrinsic motivation alone.
Option 3: 'Expectancy theory' directly matches the described mechanism. In expectancy theory (often associated with Vroom), motivation is influenced by the belief that effort will lead to performance (expectancy), that performance will lead to outcomes (instrumentality), and that those outcomes are valuable (valence). The stem explicitly mentions belief in hard work leading to high performance and then to desired outcomes, which is the core idea of expectancy theory.
Option 4: 'Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory' distinguishes factors that cause satisfaction (motivators) versus dissatisfaction (hygiene factors) but does not describe a cognitive chain from effort to performance to outcomes.
Option 5: 'Maslow's hierarchy of needs' arranges needs in a hierarchical order (physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization) and explains motivation in terms of meeting needs, not a predictive chain where effort leads to performance and outcomes.
In summary, the option that aligns with the described belief-driven chain from effort to performance to outcomes is option 3, Expectancy theory. The other options describe different motivational concepts that do not center on the expectancy-instrumentality-valence pathway.

__________ explains why employees are highly motivated if they believe that working hard will lead to high performance and ultimately desired outcomes.单项选择题

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