Question at position 15 Chen has been feeling sad, has lost interest in activities he used to enjoy, has trouble sleeping, and feels worthless for the past three weeks. Chen is likely experiencing symptoms of Question Blank 1 of 1[input] WORD BANK: General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, eustress, distress, psychoneuroimmunology, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, rationalization, displacement, projection, denial, repression简答题
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Question

Question at position 15 Chen has been feeling sad, has lost interest in activities he used to enjoy, has trouble sleeping, and feels worthless for the past three weeks. Chen is likely experiencing symptoms of Question Blank 1 of 1[input] WORD BANK: General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, eustress, distress, psychoneuroimmunology, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, rationalization, displacement, projection, denial, repression简答题

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder characterized by a cluster of symptoms that include depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia), disturbed sleep, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, changes in appetite/weight, fatigue, psychomotor changes, difficulty concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of death. The DSM-5 requires at least five of these symptoms, including either depressed mood or anhedonia, present for a minimum of two weeks for a diagnosis.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Core symptoms of MDD: depressed mood, anhedonia, sleep disturbance, feelings of worthlessness, etc.
- Duration criterion: symptoms must persist for at least two weeks.
- Differential diagnoses from the word bank: anxiety disorders (GAD, panic disorder, PTSD, OCD), stress concepts (eustress, distress, GAS), coping styles (problem- or emotion-focused), psychoneuroimmunology, and defense mechanisms (rationalization, displacement, projection, denial, repression).

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Chen reports: feeling sad (depressed mood), loss of interest in activities (anhedonia), trouble sleeping (insomnia), and feelings of worthlessness.
- These symptoms have lasted three weeks, which exceeds the two-week DSM-5 minimum.
- He therefore shows multiple core symptoms of MDD, including one of the required cardinal symptoms (depressed mood or anhedonia).

3) Intermediate steps / clinical threshold
- Counted symptoms: depressed mood (1), anhedonia (2), sleep disturbance (3), feelings of worthlessness (4). While a formal MDD diagnosis typically requires five symptoms, the presence of multiple core symptoms for longer than two weeks makes MDD the most likely clinical syndrome described.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- The cluster and duration of Chen’s symptoms align directly with major depressive disorder criteria and reflect classic depressive symptomatology rather than stress, coping style, or psychodynamic defenses.

5) Why other options are incorrect (brief)
- Anxiety disorders (GAD, panic, PTSD, OCD) center on excessive worry, panic attacks, trauma-related symptoms, or obsessions/compulsions—not primarily sadness/anhedonia.
- Eustress/distress, GAS, coping, psychoneuroimmunology, and defense mechanisms describe stress processes, responses, or explanatory frameworks, not a mood disorder.

6) Conclusion
- The symptoms described are indicative of major depressive disorder; this matches the provided answer: major depressive disorder.

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