A4 In management, controlling includes:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Controlling in management focuses on ensuring activities conform to plans by monitoring performance and initiating corrective actions.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing (leading), and controlling.
- Definition of controlling: establishing performance standards, measuring actual performance, comparing actuals with standards/plans, identifying deviations, and taking corrective action.
- Controlling is a feedback loop that ensures organizational objectives are met.

2. Step-by-step reasoning process
- Step 1: Recognize that controlling is a post-planning function that checks whether plans are being implemented.
- Step 2: Identify the core activities of controlling (set standards → measure performance → compare with standards → take corrective action).
- Step 3: Match each answer option to one of the management functions to determine which describes controlling.

3. Intermediate steps/details
- Establish standards: benchmarks or planned objectives (quantitative or qualitative).
- Measure actual performance: collect data on outputs, processes, costs, timelines.
- Compare actual performance with planned objectives: evaluate variances and determine causes.
- Corrective action: adjust processes, resources, or plans to close gaps.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- "Comparing actual performance with planned objectives" exactly describes the comparison step in the controlling process. It is central to controlling because without comparison there is no basis for identifying deviations or taking corrective measures.

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- "Motivating subordinates to achieve higher performance" is part of directing/leading, not controlling.
- "Hiring and training employees" falls under staffing.
- "Designing the organizational structure of a new division" is an organizing function.
None of these describe the monitoring-and-comparison activity that defines controlling.

6. Conclusion
The correct choice is "comparing actual performance with planned objectives," which matches the provided answer.

A4 In management, controlling includes:单项选择题

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