Which of the following describes what happens as tsunami waves as they move towards the shore?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When tsunami waves approach shore, several physical changes occur due to the interaction with shallower seabed and coastline.
Option 1: 'Increase in both amplitude and speed' is incorrect because speed decreases as depth decreases; waves slow down near shore, not speed up. Additionally, amplitude typically increases due to shoaling, not contradictory to speed reduction.
Option 2: 'Decrease in amplitude and increase in speed' misstates the behavior; while speed does decrease in shallow water, amplitude does not generally decrease—in fact, it tends to increase as energy is compressed and wave height grows.
Option 3: 'Increase in amplitude and decrease in speed' accurately describes shoaling: as wavebase feels the bottom, the wavelength shortens, the wave slows, and energy concentrates, causing the wave height (amplitude) to rise.
Option 4: 'Decrease in both amplitude and speed' contradicts coastal wave dynamics, since speed decreases but amplitude typically increases due to energy focusing, so both decreasing is not consistent with observed tsunami behavior near shores.

Which of the following describes what happens as tsunami waves as they move towards the shore?单项选择题

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