When a tsunami approaches a coastline,

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In coastal shoaling scenarios, the behavior of tsunami waves is governed by how water depth affects wave properties.
Option 1: 'waves slow down and their heights rise' is correct because as a tsunami approaches shallower water, the wave speed decreases (c ≈ sqrt(g*h)) and the wave height increases to conserve energy and maintain similar energy flux, while the wavelength shortens.
Option 2: 'waves speed up and their heights rise' would contradict the fundamental effect of decreasing depth; the speed cannot increase when depth is reduced, so this is incorrect.
Option 3: 'waves slow down and their heights decrease' would imply the wave loses height as it slows, which does not match the shoaling process where height grows significantly.
Option 4: 'waves speed up and their heights decrease' again misstates the depth-induced dynamics; speed does not increase in shallower water, and height does not decrease in shoaling.
Option 5: 'it does not change at all' ignores the well-established changes in speed, wavelength, and height that occur as depth transitions from deep to shallow water.

When a tsunami approaches a coastline,单项选择题

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