Paul loves to boast about his many achievements and becomes angry when anyone criticizes him. Paul most clearly demonstrates

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question describes Paul boasting about his achievements and reacting with anger when criticized. This pattern points toward a fragile or defensive self-view rather than a robust, stable sense of self.

Option a: the spotlight effect. This concept refers to overestimating how much others notice our appearance or behavior. It is not about reactions to criticism or boastfulness, so it does not fit the scenario.

Option b: defensive self-esteem. This term describes a self-esteem that is easily threatened and defended through compensatory boasting or aggression when criticized. Paul’s boasting and anger at criticism align with a defensive stance toward self-worth, making this option a good fit.

Option c: self-efficacy. This is about a person’s belief in their ability to succeed at tasks. It relates to confidence in capability rather than sensitivity to criticism or need to boast. The described behavior centers on self-esteem regulation, not task-specific confidence.

Option d: secure self-esteem. This implies a stable, resilient sense of self-worth that is not easily wounded by external feedback. Paul’s anger at criticism suggests insecurity rather than security, making this option inconsistent with the scenario.

Paul loves to boast about his many achievements and becomes angry when anyone criticizes him. Paul most clearly demonstrates单项选择题

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