Question at position 10 Which of these is the Na+ monitoring cell of the nephron?principal cellnephron loopmacula densavasa recta单项选择题
A
principal cell
B
nephron loop
C
macula densa
D
vasa recta

Question

Question at position 10 Which of these is the Na+ monitoring cell of the nephron?principal cellnephron loopmacula densavasa recta

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To approach this question, I will evaluate each option in terms of its anatomical location and function within the nephron.
Option 1: principal cell. These cells are located in the collecting duct and primarily handle Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion under hormonal control (e.g., aldosterone). While they participate in sodium handling, they are not the specialized Na+ monitoring sensor of the nephron.
Option 2: nephron loop. The loop of Henle concentrates or dilutes urine through actions of the descending and ascending limbs, handling NaCl transport mainly for the purposes of creating a medullary gradient. It is not the sensor that monitors Na+ levels in the tubular fluid.
Option 3: macula densa. This structure is a specialized group of cells in the distal tubule, part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Its primary role is to sense NaCl (hence Na+) concentration in the tubular fluid passing by the distal tubule and to signal adjustments to glomerular filtration rate and renin release as part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.
Option 4: vasa recta. The vasa recta are a network of capillaries involved in countercurrent exchange and blood flow around the loop of Henle. They help maintain the medullary osmotic gradient but do not function as the Na+ monitoring sensor of the nephron.
In summary, while several nephron components participate in sodium handling and fluid balance, the specific cellular structure designated for monitoring Na+ (via NaCl concentration) in the tubular fluid is the macula densa, which acts as the Na+ monitoring cell within the nephron.

Question at position 10 Which of these is the Na+ monitoring cell of the nephron?principal cellnephron loopmacula densavasa recta单项选择题

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