11. Which of the following statements best summarises the main idea of this paragraph?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Planned obsolescence describes products intentionally designed to fail or become outdated after a short period, so consumers replace them more often — this core concept frames the paragraph’s negative assessment.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Definition: planned obsolescence = deliberate shortening of product life or support.
- Typical consequences: increased waste, higher consumer cost, environmental harm, reduced product longevity.
- Summary sentences should capture the author’s overall claim and tone (here, critical).

2) Step‑by‑step reasoning
- Identify topic words in the paragraph: terms like “planned obsolescence,” “waste,” “cost,” or “harm” indicate focus on the practice and its consequences.
- Note author’s stance: critical language or multiple examples of harm shows an evaluative, negative main idea rather than a technical instruction or single-domain claim.
- Turn details into a single general summary: the paragraph lists negative outcomes, so the main idea is that the practice causes harm.

3) Calculations
- None required; this is an interpretation task. No numeric intermediate steps apply.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Option d (“Planned obsolescence has negative impacts.”) faithfully captures both the subject (planned obsolescence) and the author’s overall evaluative stance (negative impacts). It is sufficiently broad to summarize multiple harms mentioned in the paragraph without adding specifics not claimed.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- a (“Devices need to be regularly updated.”) shifts focus to maintenance advice and is too narrow; the paragraph criticizes a practice, not give update instructions.
- b (“Devices should be designed more carefully.”) prescribes a solution; the paragraph points out harms rather than presenting a design recommendation as the main idea.
- c (“Planned obsolescence damages the economy.”) isolates economic harm only; if the paragraph discusses environmental, consumer, or ethical harms in addition to economic ones, c is too specific.

6) Conclusion
The best single‑sentence summary is the general negative judgment in d. This matches the provided correct answer: d. Planned obsolescence has negative impacts.

11. Which of the following statements best summarises the main idea of this paragraph?单项选择题

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