The process of breaking down and building up of proteins is termed:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Metabolism encompasses both the breakdown and the synthesis of biomolecules, so the correct choice is Metabolism.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Metabolism: the total of all biochemical reactions in an organism, including both energy-releasing and energy-consuming pathways. It is conventionally divided into two complementary subsets:
  - Catabolism: pathways that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy (e.g., protein degradation to amino acids, proteolysis).
  - Anabolism: pathways that build complex molecules from simpler precursors, consuming energy (e.g., protein synthesis from amino acids).
- Transdeamination is not a standard term in basic biochemistry; related, established terms are transamination (transfer of an amino group between amino acids and keto acids) and deamination (removal of an amino group).

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- The question asks for the name of the process that includes both breaking down and building up proteins.
- Breaking down proteins aligns with catabolic processes (proteolysis → amino acids).
- Building up proteins aligns with anabolic processes (translation, peptide bond formation).
- Since both breakdown (catabolism) and build-up (anabolism) are included, the umbrella term that covers both is metabolism.

3. Intermediate steps (conceptual)
- Identify the two component processes: catabolism (breakdown) + anabolism (build-up).
- Combine them under the comprehensive term: metabolism = catabolism + anabolism.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- Metabolism explicitly refers to the sum of anabolic and catabolic reactions. Because the question includes both breaking down and building up, the single appropriate term is metabolism.

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- a. Anabolism: refers only to building up (synthesis), not breakdown.
- b. Catabolism: refers only to breakdown, not synthesis.
- c. Transdeamination: not a standard term; even related terms (transamination/deamination) describe specific amino-group transfers or removal, not the combined processes of building and breaking proteins.

6. Conclusion
- Therefore the correct answer is d. Metabolism, which matches the provided answer.

The process of breaking down and building up of proteins is termed:单项选择题

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