In the process of creating animal-free monoclonal antibodies using phage display, which of the following steps is correctly described?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Consider the overall workflow of creating animal-free monoclonal antibodies via phage display. 
Option a) Phages displaying antibody fragments are propogated using E. coli. This aligns with the standard method: M13 phage particles displaying antibody fragments are produced and amplified inside E. coli, enabling replication and propagation of the phage-displayed library. The use of E. coli is essential for phage replication and library propagation.
Option b) All phages are immediately discarded, and only unbound fragments are analyzed. In reality, after binding (panning), bound phages are eluted and then amplified in E. coli for further rounds; simply discarding all phages and analyzing unbound fragments would discard the very pool that contains potential binders, which is incorrect.
Option c) Washing is done to enhance binding between phages and nonspecific targets. On the contrary, washes are intended to remove weakly bound or non-specific phages, reducing background and enriching for phages with genuine affinity. The goal is to improve specificity, not to promote nonspecific binding.
Option d) The weakest binding phages are typically selected as the final antibodies. This is opposite to the objective of phage display panning, which favors strong, specific binders through iterative rounds; weak binders are usually discarded or fail to enrich over successive rounds.

In the process of creating animal-free monoclonal antibodies using phage display, which of the following steps is correctly described?单项选择题

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