71. The closest genetic “cousin” of the human species is the chimpanzee and the

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Humans share the most recent common ancestor with chimpanzees and bonobos, so the correct completion is "bonobo."

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts:
- Taxonomy and phylogeny: humans (Homo sapiens) are members of the family Hominidae. The genus Pan contains two species: the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and the bonobo (Pan paniscus).
- Genetic similarity and divergence time: genomic studies show humans and members of Pan share about 98–99% DNA sequence similarity; divergence of the human lineage from the Pan lineage occurred roughly 5–7 million years ago, making Pan the closest extant relatives to humans.

2) Step-by-step reasoning:
- Identify the choices: gibbon, orangutan, bonobo, gorilla.
- Determine which taxa are most closely related to Homo sapiens by genus and divergence time.
- Recognize that chimpanzees and bonobos are both in genus Pan and are the sister group to Homo; therefore the phrase “chimpanzee and the ____” should name the other Pan species, i.e., bonobo.

3) Intermediate factual steps (no arithmetic calculations required):
- Humans vs. Pan (chimp + bonobo): divergence ≈ 5–7 million years ago.
- Humans vs. gorillas: divergence earlier, ≈ 8–10 million years ago.
- Humans vs. orangutans: divergence even earlier, ≈ 12–16 million years ago.
- Gibbons (family Hylobatidae) diverged much earlier from the great ape lineage.

4) Why the correct answer is correct:
- Bonobos are the other species in the genus Pan and share the closest genetic relationship with humans alongside the common chimpanzee. Because the question asks for the "closest genetic 'cousin' of the human species" paired with chimpanzee, bonobo is the accurate pair.

5) Why the other options are incorrect:
- Gibbon: a lesser ape (Hylobatidae) more distantly related.
- Orangutan: genus Pongo, diverged earlier than Pan.
- Gorilla: genus Gorilla, diverged earlier than the Pan–Homo split.
  
Conclusion: The correct choice is bonobo, matching the provided answer.

71. The closest genetic “cousin” of the human species is the chimpanzee and the单项选择题

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