This scientist died in prison. His books regarding vitalism were burned twice:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Reich proposed “orgone,” a universal life energy (a form of vitalism), and his advocacy of orgone led directly to legal and political suppression culminating in his imprisonment and the destruction of his writings.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Vitalism: the idea that living organisms are energized by a special life force; Reich’s version was called “orgone.”
- Censorship and legal action: Reich’s orgone claims provoked scientific and regulatory opposition, notably from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
- Historical outcome: Reich was prosecuted in the U.S., incarcerated, and his orgone-related publications and devices were ordered destroyed.

2) Complete reasoning process step by step
- Identify the scientist associated with vitalism/orgone: Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957), an Austrian psychoanalyst who later promoted orgone energy.
- Track events: Reich brought orgone devices and literature into public circulation in the U.S.; regulators considered them fraudulent.
- Legal consequences: The FDA obtained an injunction (mid-1950s) that banned interstate shipment of orgone accumulators and associated literature. The court order included destruction of orgone apparatus and literature.
- Final outcome: Reich violated the injunction, was charged with contempt of court, imprisoned in 1956, and died in prison in 1957. His orgone books and materials were destroyed under court orders—an event often described as book-burning—and his writings had previously faced suppression and destruction in Europe under hostile regimes, which accounts for the statement that his books were burned twice.

3) Calculations
- None required for this historical question.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Reich is the only person in the list who developed a vitalist theory (orgone) and who was both subject to judicially-ordered destruction of his writings and who died while incarcerated (1957). These facts uniquely identify Wilhelm Reich.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- Hans Driesch (1867–1941): a vitalist biologist but he was an academic who died free in 1941, not imprisoned nor famously subject to court-ordered book burnings.
- Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961), Niels Bohr (1885–1962), Sir Arthur Eddington (1882–1944): all prominent physicists; none promoted vitalism/orgone, nor were they imprisoned and had books burned in the way described.

6) Conclusion
- The historical record of orgone, FDA action, Reich’s imprisonment, and his death in custody confirm that the correct answer is e. Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957), matching the provided answer.

This scientist died in prison. His books regarding vitalism were burned twice:单项选择题

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