Which statement best explains why genetics alone is not enough to create resilient farming systems?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Genetic gains are realised only when the variety is matched with environment and management — this expresses the core G×E×M (genotype × environment × management) principle.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Genotype (G): the genetic potential of a crop variety (e.g., drought tolerance, yield potential).
- Environment (E): climate, soils, water availability, pests, and local microclimate.
- Management (M): agronomic practices such as fertiliser, planting date, spacing, irrigation, pest control.
- G×E×M interactions: the performance of a genotype depends on the environment and the management applied; genetic potential can be constrained or unlocked by E and M.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- A variety’s potential yield is an upper limit set by genetics. To approach that potential, the environment must supply necessary resources (water, nutrients) and management must avoid stresses (pests, compaction) and optimise growing conditions.
- If management or environment is limiting, the genetic advantage cannot be realised. Conversely, improved environment/management without suitable genetics also limits gains.
- Therefore genetics alone cannot create resilience; resilience emerges when genetics are matched to local environments and supported by appropriate agronomy.

3. Illustrative calculation (intermediate steps)
- Suppose a new variety has a potential yield of 8 t/ha under optimal conditions.
- Under poor soil fertility and no irrigation, realised yield = 3 t/ha.
- With improved fertiliser and irrigation matched to the variety, realised yield might be 7.5 t/ha.
- Realised proportion = 7.5/8 = 94% of genetic potential vs 3/8 = 38% without matching management — showing how management/environment determine the realised genetic gain.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- It explicitly recognises that genetic gains must be supported by suitable environments and management to be expressed; this matches agronomic and breeding evidence and the G×E×M framework.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- "New varieties remove the need for soil and nutrient management": false — improved varieties still require nutrients and good soils.
- "Crop varieties do not affect yield potential": false — varieties set yield potential and stress tolerance.
- "Genetics is only relevant to livestock, not crops": false — genetics is central to crop breeding and crop performance.

6. Conclusion
The correct answer is: Genetic gains are only realised when the variety is matched with environment and management. This matches the provided answer.

Which statement best explains why genetics alone is not enough to create resilient farming systems?单项选择题

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