In the United States, most newborns undergo a test for primary congenital hypothyroidism, a condition where people are unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. On a nationwide basis, this is an example of单项选择题
A
genetic testing.
B
genetic screening.
C
amniocentesis.
D
preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Question

In the United States, most newborns undergo a test for primary congenital hypothyroidism, a condition where people are unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. On a nationwide basis, this is an example of单项选择题

A

genetic testing.

B

genetic screening.

C

amniocentesis.

D

preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Genetic screening targets populations to identify individuals at increased risk for a condition, so newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism is an example of genetic screening.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Genetic screening: systematic, population-level testing to detect newborns or groups at risk for a condition so early intervention can occur.
- Genetic testing: diagnostic testing usually done on an individual (often with family history or symptoms) to confirm or rule out a specific genetic condition.
- Amniocentesis: invasive prenatal diagnostic procedure sampling amniotic fluid to test fetal cells for genetic abnormalities.
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD): testing embryos created by IVF before implantation to select embryos free of specific genetic defects.
- Newborn screening: routine public-health screening (commonly the heel-prick blood spot) to measure markers such as TSH/T4 to detect congenital hypothyroidism early.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
Step 1: Identify the scope: “most newborns” and “on a nationwide basis” indicate a population-level program.
Step 2: Identify purpose: detect primary congenital hypothyroidism early to permit prompt treatment and prevent developmental delay.
Step 3: Match definition: population-wide, routine testing to find cases before symptoms = screening.
Step 4: Compare alternatives: individual diagnostic test, prenatal sampling, or embryo testing do not match the described nationwide newborn program.

3) Calculations
No numerical calculations are required; the reasoning is categorical and definitional.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
Because newborn screening is a routine, nationwide, public-health test offered to virtually all newborns to detect a condition early, it fits the definition of genetic screening rather than individualized genetic testing or prenatal/IVF procedures.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- Genetic testing: usually refers to targeted diagnostic testing of individuals, not universal newborn programs.
- Amniocentesis: prenatal invasive diagnostic test, not a newborn population screen.
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: embryo testing during IVF, unrelated to newborn nationwide screening.

6) Conclusion
Therefore the correct choice is genetic screening, which matches the provided answer.

In the United States, most newborns undergo a test for primary congenital hypothyroidism, a condition where people are unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. On a nationwide basis, this is an example of单项选择题

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