Which is the most important exercise factor for increasing aerobic fitness?单项选择题
A
time (duration)
B
intensity
C
frequency
D
repetition
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Read the text on renewable energy sources and answer the following questions. There is growing interest and investment in the use of low-carbon technologies to generate electricity. However, all energy production will have environmental side-effects. Our research set out to establish whether renewable energy forms are really better than fossil fuels and nuclear power. In a research paper, we analyzed the environmental impact of electricity generation from renewable sources, nuclear fission power plants and fossil fuels. The environmental impact of any energy source needs to be measured across a range of criteria. We accounted for the environmental effects associated with the production, operation and dismantling of facilities, as well as the production, transport and combustion of fuels. Our study emphatically confirms that fossil fuels – mainly coal – place a heavy burden on the environment and that most renewable power projects have lower pollution-related impacts on ecosystems and human health. Nonetheless, no energy source is without adverse environmental side effects. Photovoltaics (PV) comes out very well in our analysis. Today, the production of PV cells, commonly called solar panels, uses much less energy than previously. The carbon emissions per unit of PV electricity is one-tenth or less of even the most efficient natural gas power plants. However, solar panels require much more space to generate the same amount of power as fossil fuel or nuclear power generators. Also, this need for large tracts of land and can have a negative impact on local species. Does this mean covering huge areas with solar panels is a problem? Not necessarily. The amount of land needed to generate a kilowatt-hour from PV is comparable to that of coal power, when the land associated with mining coal is accounted for. What’s more, about half of the PV installations in our future scenario in 2050 could be placed on rooftops. Environmental effects from hydropower vary widely, we found. Some dams cause significant climate impacts through the emissions of methane from the decomposition of biomass in reservoirs. Other dams cause equally serious ecological problems through habitat destruction. They can also block the migration of aquatic species and reduce sediment flow and nutrient transport, which affects floodplains and deltas. On the other hand, reservoirs form new habitats for birds and other species. Hydropower offers a good example of the importance of site selection and project design. Some projects may be economically viable but ultimately should not be implemented due to the environmental degradation they can cause. 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Question textQuestions 19 – 22. Which paragraphs contain the following supporting information? Match the information to the paragraph number.9. This form of renewable energy can impact animal life in both positive and negative ways. Answer 1 Question 10[select: , Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2, Paragraph 3, Paragraph4, Paragraph 5, Paragraph 6, Paragraph 7, Paragraph 8] 20. The research looked at all aspects of the creation and use of renewable energy sources. Answer 2 Question 10[select: , Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2, Paragraph 3, Paragraph4, Paragraph 5, Paragraph 6, Paragraph 7, Paragraph 8] 21. This renewable power source is available when needed, unlike some other forms. Answer 3 Question 10[select: , Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2, Paragraph 3, Paragraph4, Paragraph 5, Paragraph 6, Paragraph 7, Paragraph 8] 22. The land area required for this energy form is considerable but there are ways to reduce this. Answer 4 Question 10[select: , Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2, Paragraph 3, Paragraph4, Paragraph 5, Paragraph 6, Paragraph 7, Paragraph 8]
Question textQuestions 15-18. What is the author’s main point in each of these paragraphs? Choose from the list (a - g) below. There are 3 extra options.a. Low-carbon technologies used to generate electricity are becoming more popular than traditional energy sources.b. Despite their ‘green energy’ image, some renewables may have hidden environmental costs, making them less viable.c. By 2050, around 50% of solar panel installations will be on rooftops, freeing up land for other uses.d. Fossil fuels burden the environment heavily, while renewables generally have lower pollution impacts.e. Despite requiring more space, one renewable type compares favourably to fossil fuel production.f. Site selection and operational planning are essential to maximise power generation and minimize negative interactions with wildlife, such as birds.g. While this energy form can be polluting, the effects can be mitigated somewhat by carbon capture and storage.15.Paragraph 1 Answer 1 Question 9[select: , a. Low-carbon technologies used to generate electricity are becoming more popular than traditional energy sources., b. Despite their ‘green energy’ image, some renewables may have hidden environmental costs, making them less viable., c. By 2050, around 50% of solar panel installations will be on rooftops, freeing up land for other uses., d. Fossil fuels burden the environment heavily, while renewables generally have lower pollution impacts., e. Despite requiring more space, one renewable type compares favourably to fossil fuel production., f. Site selection and operational planning are essential to maximise power generation and minimize negative interactions with wildlife, such as birds., g. While this energy form can be polluting, the effects can be mitigated somewhat by carbon capture and storage.] 16.Paragraph 3 Answer 2 Question 9[select: , a. Low-carbon technologies used to generate electricity are becoming more popular than traditional energy sources., b. Despite their ‘green energy’ image, some renewables may have hidden environmental costs, making them less viable., c. By 2050, around 50% of solar panel installations will be on rooftops, freeing up land for other uses., d. Fossil fuels burden the environment heavily, while renewables generally have lower pollution impacts., e. Despite requiring more space, one renewable type compares favourably to fossil fuel production., f. Site selection and operational planning are essential to maximise power generation and minimize negative interactions with wildlife, such as birds., g. While this energy form can be polluting, the effects can be mitigated somewhat by carbon capture and storage.] 17.Paragraph 5 Answer 3 Question 9[select: , a. Low-carbon technologies used to generate electricity are becoming more popular than traditional energy sources., b. Despite their ‘green energy’ image, some renewables may have hidden environmental costs, making them less viable., c. By 2050, around 50% of solar panel installations will be on rooftops, freeing up land for other uses., d. Fossil fuels burden the environment heavily, while renewables generally have lower pollution impacts., e. Despite requiring more space, one renewable type compares favourably to fossil fuel production., f. Site selection and operational planning are essential to maximise power generation and minimize negative interactions with wildlife, such as birds., g. While this energy form can be polluting, the effects can be mitigated somewhat by carbon capture and storage.] 18.Paragraph 6 Answer 4 Question 9[select: , a. Low-carbon technologies used to generate electricity are becoming more popular than traditional energy sources., b. Despite their ‘green energy’ image, some renewables may have hidden environmental costs, making them less viable., c. By 2050, around 50% of solar panel installations will be on rooftops, freeing up land for other uses., d. Fossil fuels burden the environment heavily, while renewables generally have lower pollution impacts., e. Despite requiring more space, one renewable type compares favourably to fossil fuel production., f. Site selection and operational planning are essential to maximise power generation and minimize negative interactions with wildlife, such as birds., g. While this energy form can be polluting, the effects can be mitigated somewhat by carbon capture and storage.]
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