Which of the following is a negatively (-1) charged ligand?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Nitrate (NO3−), chloride (Cl−), and bromide (Br−) are each singly charged anions (charge = −1).

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- An ion’s charge comes from the difference between total protons and electrons; common simple anions in coordination chemistry include halides (Cl−, Br−) and many polyatomic anions such as nitrate (NO3−).
- Ligands in coordination chemistry can be neutral or anionic; a negatively charged ligand has an overall negative charge carried by that species.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Identify each species and its conventional ionic charge:
  - Chloride is the halide ion Cl− (one extra electron relative to neutral Cl), so charge = −1.
  - Bromide is the halide ion Br− (one extra electron relative to neutral Br), so charge = −1.
  - Nitrate is the polyatomic ion NO3−. It is commonly written with a single negative charge because the three oxygens and one nitrogen together carry one more electron than the total positive nuclear charge, giving overall charge −1.
- Therefore each listed option a (nitrate), b (chloride), and c (bromide) represents a species with a −1 charge.

3. Intermediate/check steps (illustrative for nitrate)
- Valence electrons: N (5) + 3×O (6×3 = 18) = 23 electrons; adding one extra electron for the negative charge gives 24 valence electrons, consistent with the NO3− ion. This is why nitrate’s standard formula includes the −1 charge.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- Because all three species listed (nitrate, chloride, bromide) are standard mononegative anions, the statement “All the above are negatively (−1) charged” is true.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- a (nitrate): true for nitrate but ignores that Cl− and Br− are also −1, so incomplete.
- b (chloride) and c (bromide): each is true individually but ignore the others.
- d (only chloride and bromide): false because nitrate is also −1.

Conclusion: All three listed ligands are −1 charged, so option e (“All the above are negatively (−1) charged”) is the correct answer.

Which of the following is a negatively (-1) charged ligand?单项选择题

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