Which of the following statements about severe early deprivation and the Romanian Orphan studies is not true?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

ADHD symptoms in the Romanian orphanage research were not evident in infants under six months; the main findings point to a dose-dependent effect of prolonged deprivation and measurable reductions in brain volume in regions tied to attention and impulse control.

1) Relevant knowledge points:
- The Bucharest Early Intervention Project and related Romanian orphanage studies followed children exposed to severe early institutional deprivation and compared outcomes by duration of deprivation and timing of placement into family care.
- Key outcomes included elevated rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, a dose–response relationship with time spent in institutions, and neuroimaging evidence of smaller total and regional cortical volumes (notably prefrontal cortical areas associated with attention and executive control).
- A developmental/sensitive-period perspective: many adverse cognitive and behavioral effects emerge after months of deprived care; diagnoses like ADHD are not typically identifiable in very young infants (<6 months).

2) Step-by-step reasoning:
- Empirical finding: children who experienced longer durations of institutional care showed higher ADHD symptom rates later in childhood. This demonstrates statement b is true.
- Neuroimaging finding: compared with never-institutionalized peers, previously deprived children showed reduced cortical/gray-matter volume in regions implicated in ADHD (prefrontal cortex and related networks), supporting statement a as true.
- Statement c claims ADHD risk was evident in children younger than six months. Infants under six months rarely manifest the behavioral pattern that would meet ADHD criteria; the studies document increased ADHD symptoms emerging after longer exposure and at later ages, not as an immediate risk manifest in the first six months.

3) Calculations: none required.

4) Why the correct answer is correct:
Because the literature shows ADHD-related deficits develop after sustained deprivation and are measurable later in childhood, not as diagnosable ADHD in infants younger than six months. Thus statement c is not true.

5) Why other options are incorrect:
- a is correct (true): neuroimaging links deprivation to reduced cortical volume in ADHD-related regions.
- b is correct (true): ADHD risk increases with length of time spent in orphanage/institutional care.

Conclusion: The false statement is c. This matches the provided correct answer: "ADHD was risk evident in children younger than six months of age."

Which of the following statements about severe early deprivation and the Romanian Orphan studies is not true?单项选择题

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