Which of the following correctly differentiates between experience-expectant and experience-dependent brain growth?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Experience-expectant processes depend on species-typical environmental inputs that normally occur for all members of a species (for example, patterned light for visual system development or exposure to human voices for early auditory/language circuits). These inputs must occur within sensitive periods to guide synaptic pruning and stabilization; if the minimum expected input is absent, typical development is disrupted. Experience-dependent processes create and reorganize neural connections in response to unique, individual experiences across the lifespan (for example, learning to play a particular musical instrument, acquiring a second language later in life, or building expertise), and do not require a species-wide, time-limited input.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Define experience-expectant: brain systems set up to receive common environmental stimuli; require a minimal, species-typical level of input during sensitive periods to develop normally.
2. Define experience-dependent: brain changes that depend on particular, idiosyncratic experiences and continue throughout life; these create new connections beyond those shaped by species-typical inputs.
3. Compare: EE = relies on common inputs and sensitive periods; ED = shaped by unique experiences and is ongoing.
4. Match definitions to choices: Option B states EE requires a minimum level of environmental input and ED is based on individual experiences — this aligns exactly with the definitions and examples above.

Why B is correct: It captures the core distinction (required, species-typical inputs vs. individual, variable experiences) without implying exclusivity of biology or environment.

Why other options are incorrect:
- A: Incorrect because both types involve environmental input; ED does rely on environment (unique experiences).
- C: Incorrect because the distinction is neurodevelopmental, not a simple mapping onto behaviourist vs interactionist theories.
- D: Incorrect because neither type is exclusively biological or exclusively environmental; both reflect interactions between genes and experience.

Final confirmation: The correct answer is B, which matches the provided answer.

Which of the following correctly differentiates between experience-expectant and experience-dependent brain growth?单项选择题

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