Question at position 18 According to humanistic theory, a child who receives ________ from her parents is likely to avoid the problems associated with ________, which determine the circumstances under which people approve or disapprove of themselves.rewards; role confusionconditions of worth; positive self-regard needsunconditional positive regard; conditions of worthself-consistency; threatsunconditional positive regard; self-actualization needs单项选择题
A
rewards; role confusion
B
conditions of worth; positive self-regard needs
C
unconditional positive regard; conditions of worth
D
self-consistency; threats
E
unconditional positive regard; self-actualization needs

Question

Question at position 18 According to humanistic theory, a child who receives from her parents is likely to avoid the problems associated with , which determine the circumstances under which people approve or disapprove of themselves.rewards; role confusionconditions of worth; positive self-regard needsunconditional positive regard; conditions of worthself-consistency; threatsunconditional positive regard; self-actualization needs单项选择题

A

rewards; role confusion

B

conditions of worth; positive self-regard needs

C

unconditional positive regard; conditions of worth

D

self-consistency; threats

E

unconditional positive regard; self-actualization needs

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard—an essential concept in Carl Rogers’ humanistic theory—means parents accept and love a child without setting conditions. Conditions of worth are the opposite: standards imposed by others that make a child feel loved only when they behave or perform in particular ways. Rogers argued that unconditional positive regard prevents children from internalizing conditional standards that dictate when they may approve or disapprove of themselves.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Humanistic theory (Carl Rogers): emphasizes self-concept, self-worth, and actualizing tendency.
- Unconditional positive regard: acceptance and love given regardless of a child’s behavior.
- Conditions of worth: external standards that make a person’s self-regard contingent on meeting those standards.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- If parents give unconditional positive regard (step 1), the child experiences acceptance that is not tied to performance or behavior (step 2).
- That acceptance allows the child to develop a self-concept based on internal values rather than external approval (step 3).
- Consequently, the child is less likely to form conditions of worth—i.e., beliefs like “I am worthy only if I get A’s” (step 4).
- Therefore, unconditional positive regard reduces problems associated with conditions of worth, which are precisely the circumstances determining when people approve or disapprove of themselves.

3. Intermediate steps emphasized
- Parental unconditional acceptance → consistent messages of intrinsic worth → internalized unconditional self-regard → avoidance of contingent self-evaluations (conditions of worth).

4. Why the correct answer is correct
Unconditional positive regard directly counters the formation of conditions of worth. Rogers explicitly described how unconditional acceptance prevents clients from measuring self-worth against external conditions, so the answer “unconditional positive regard; conditions of worth” fits both the causal relationship and Rogers’ terminology.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- “rewards; role confusion”: role confusion is an Erikson (psychosocial) concept, not Rogers; rewards don’t capture Rogers’ emphasis on unconditional acceptance.
- “conditions of worth; positive self-regard needs”: reverses cause and effect and misstates terms.
- “self-consistency; threats”: vague and not the Rogers formulation; “threats” is not the specific problem described.
- “unconditional positive regard; self-actualization needs”: unconditional regard promotes self-actualization indirectly, but the question asks which problem is avoided—conditions of worth—not self-actualization needs.

6. Conclusion
Thus the correct choice is “unconditional positive regard; conditions of worth,” which matches the provided answer.

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