Protein turnover describes the amount of protein

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Protein turnover refers to the continuous cellular process by which proteins are synthesised and degraded to maintain proteome quality and meet physiological demands.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Proteostasis: cells constantly replace proteins through balanced synthesis (translation of mRNA into polypeptides) and degradation (ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome pathway).
- Turnover rate: different proteins have characteristic half-lives; rapid turnover allows quick adaptation, slow turnover maintains structural proteins.
- Purpose: removes damaged or unneeded proteins, supplies amino acids for new protein synthesis, and regulates cellular function.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
Step 1: Interpret the phrase “protein turnover” as a dynamic process rather than a static quantity. Step 2: Identify the two complementary actions implied by “turnover”: creation and removal. Step 3: Match these actions to biological mechanisms — synthesis (ribosomal translation) and degradation (proteasome/autophagy). Step 4: Compare this meaning to each answer choice to determine the best fit.

3) Calculations
- No numerical calculations are required for this conceptual question; reasoning is qualitative.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
Answer c, “synthesised and degraded,” directly names the two processes that constitute turnover. Turnover explicitly describes the rate and amount by which proteins are made (synthesis) and removed (degradation) in the body, reflecting the dynamic equilibrium of the proteome.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- a (“found in foods and the body”): describes sources of protein but not the dynamic process of turnover.  
- b (“absorbed from the diet”): refers to absorption of dietary proteins/peptides, not intracellular protein synthesis and degradation.  
- d (“used to make glucose”): some amino acids can be gluconeogenic, but that is a metabolic fate for a portion of amino acids, not the definition of protein turnover.

6) Conclusion
Therefore, the correct answer is c: synthesised and degraded, which matches the provided answer.

Protein turnover describes the amount of protein单项选择题

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