Question 29

Question

Question 29

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

An outlier is a data point that lies unusually far from the others in a dataset, so the correct choice is c.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Outlier: an observation with a value markedly different from the rest of the data; can result from measurement error, data entry error, or genuine extreme variation.
- Target variable: the dependent variable a model predicts (not an outlier definition).
- Missing value: an absent or blank entry (not an outlier).
- Duplicate record: repeated identical rows (not an outlier).

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Read each option and match it to standard definitions in data cleaning and exploratory data analysis.
- Option c explicitly matches the textbook definition of an outlier: a point unusually far from others.
- Options a, b, and d describe different data concepts that do not match the definition of an outlier.

3) Calculations / detection (illustrative)
- Common numerical checks for outliers: z-score = (x - mean)/SD. If |z| > 3, x is often considered an outlier.
- Interquartile rule: IQR = Q3 - Q1; points < Q1 - 1.5*IQR or > Q3 + 1.5*IQR are flagged.
(These calculations show how one identifies points that lie unusually far from the bulk of data.)

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- The phrase “lies unusually far from the others” is the precise, intuitive definition of an outlier used in statistics and data science. It captures the core idea of being distant from the data’s central tendency.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- a: “The target variable being predicted” defines the dependent variable in supervised learning, not an outlier.
- b: “A missing value recorded as blank” describes missingness, not an extreme observation.
- d: “A duplicate record” refers to repeated entries; duplicates are not defined by distance from other values.

6) Conclusion
- Therefore, option c (“A data point that lies unusually far from the others”) is the correct answer, matching the provided answer.

Question 29单项选择题

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