Choose the correct in-text citation format for a direct quotation:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

APA in-text citations for a direct quotation must include the author’s surname, the year of publication, and the page number where the quotation appears (with "p." for a single page or "pp." for a page range) all inside the parentheses.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Direct quotations require a page reference so readers can locate the exact passage. 
- In APA parenthetical format the order is: (Author, Year, p. X). 
- Use "p." for a single page and "pp." for multiple pages.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- The question asks for the correct in-text citation format specifically for a direct quotation. 
- That requires three elements: author, year, and page number. 
- Compare the options:
  a. (Johnson, 2013, p. 4) — contains author, year, and page number in the correct order and punctuation.
  b. (Johnson 2013) — contains author and year but no page number (and lacks the comma after the author in APA parenthetical format); therefore it does not meet the requirement for a direct quotation.
  c. (2013, p. 4) — contains year and page number but omits the author, so readers cannot identify the source.

3) Calculations / intermediate steps
- Not applicable (no numeric calculations), but the logical “checklist” is: author? yes in (a); year? yes in (a); page? yes in (a).

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Option (a) matches the APA parenthetical citation structure exactly for a quoted passage: (Author, Year, p. PageNumber). The commas and the "p." abbreviation are used correctly.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- Option (b) is missing the page number needed for a direct quote (and omits the comma between author and year expected in APA parenthetical citations).
- Option (c) is missing the author name, so the citation does not identify whose work is being quoted.

6) Conclusion
- Therefore the correct choice is a. (Johnson, 2013, p. 4), which matches the provided answer.

Choose the correct in-text citation format for a direct quotation:单项选择题

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