Look at the reference list citation below and choose the correct in-text citation: Le, H., Janssen, J., & Wubbels, T. (2018). Collaborative learning practices: Teacher and student perceived obstacles to effective student collaboration. Cambridge Journal of Education, 48(1), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2016.1259389

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

For sources with three or more authors, APA 7 uses the first author's surname followed by "et al." in the in-text citation.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- APA in-text citation rules (APA 7th edition): For works with three or more authors, cite only the first author's surname followed by "et al." for every citation (e.g., Le et al., 2018). 
- "et al." is an abbreviation of the Latin "et alii" meaning "and others." 
- Narrative vs. parenthetical format: Narrative—Author et al. (Year); Parenthetical—(Author et al., Year).

2. Step-by-step reasoning process
- Identify number of authors from the reference: Le, H.; Janssen, J.; Wubbels, T. → three authors.
- Apply APA rule for three or more authors: use first author’s surname + "et al." in-text.
- Place the year in parentheses in a narrative citation: Le et al. (2018).

3. Intermediate formatting steps
- Extract surname: "Le"
- Append "et al.": "Le et al."
- Add year in parentheses for narrative form: "Le et al. (2018)"

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- "Le et al. (2018)" follows the APA guideline for three or more authors: concise, correct use of "et al.," and appropriate placement of the year for a narrative in-text citation.

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- "Le, H., Janssen, J., & Wubbels, T. (2018)" is the full reference format, not an in-text citation—too long for in-text.
- "Le, H. (2018)" omits the coauthors and is only correct for a single-author work.
- "Le, Janssen, & et al. (2018)" is grammatically and stylistically incorrect: it redundantly mixes named authors with "et al." and misuses punctuation.

6. Conclusion
The correct in-text citation is Le et al. (2018), which matches the provided answer.

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