How is diffusion affected by changes to temperature?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When approaching how temperature affects diffusion, we examine how particle motion responds to heat and what that implies for diffusion rates.
Option 1: 'Higher temperatures increase movement of all molecules, meaning the concentration gradient is lost faster than in cooler temperatures.' This is correct because increasing temperature provides more kinetic energy to molecules, boosting their random motion and speeding up diffusion, which causes the concentration gradient to flatten more quickly.
Option 2: 'Lower temperatures mean there is less energy in the system, and this lowers the concentration gradient.' While it is true that lower temperature means less molecular energy and slower movement, it does not lower the concentration gradient itself; rather it slows the rate at which the gradient diminishes. The wording falsely implies the gradient is reduced by temperature, which is misleading—the gradient is a property of concentrations, not energy, though its decay slows at low temperatures.
Option 3: 'Temperature has no effect on diffusion as dye molecules are still moving.' This is incorrect because diffusion rates are strongly temperature-dependent; dye molecules do move at any temperature, but diffusion is faster at higher temperatures due to increased molecular speed.
Option 4: 'An increase in temperature increases the concentration gradient, therefore the dye moves faster.' This is inaccurate because increasing temperature does not increase the gradient itself; it increases molecular motion and the rate at which the gradient is equalized, not the gradient’s magnitude. The gradient is defined by concentration differences, which temperature does not create or amplify.

How is diffusion affected by changes to temperature? 单项选择题

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