The results of an experiment to measure the relative strength of four acids are shown below: Which list shows the four acids in order of increasing strength?

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pH is a logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration: [H+] = 10^(-pH). Lower pH means higher [H+] and therefore a stronger acid. This relationship is the key concept used to rank acid strength from the given pH values. 1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts - pH and [H+] relationship: pH = -log10([H+]), so [H+] = 10^(-pH). - Acid strength (for solutions of equal concentration) increases as [H+] increases (i.e., as pH decreases). 2) Step-by-step reasoning with calculations - Use the table pH values: V = 4.0, W = 6.5, X = 2.0, Y = 2.5 for 0.01 M solutions. - Convert each pH to [H+]: - W: pH 6.5 -> [H+] = 10^(-6.5) = 10^(-6) * 10^(-0.5) = 1.0×10^-6 * 0.316 = 3.16×10^-7 M - V: pH 4.0 -> [H+] = 10^(-4.0) = 1.0×10^-4 M - Y: pH 2.5 -> [H+] = 10^(-2.5) = 10^(-2) * 10^(-0.5) = 1.0×10^-2 * 0.316 = 3.16×10^-3 M - X: pH 2.0 -> [H+] = 10^(-2.0) = 1.0×10^-2 M 3) Ordering by increasing strength - Increasing strength means increasing [H+]: smallest to largest [H+]. - Numeric order: W (3.16×10^-7) < V (1.0×10^-4) < Y (3.16×10^-3) < X (1.0×10^-2). - Therefore the acids in order of increasing strength are W, V, Y, X. 4) Why the correct answer is correct - The ordering follows directly from pH → [H+]; the acid with the highest pH (W) produces the fewest H+ and is weakest, while the lowest pH (X) produces the most H+ and is strongest. 5) Why the other choices are incorrect - a (V, W, X, Y): misorders W and V and mixes stronger/ weaker incorrectly. - b: false because pH is directly related to acid strength by [H+]. - d (X, Y, V, W): this is the reverse order (strongest to weakest), not increasing strength. Conclusion: The correct ordering by increasing acid strength is W, V, Y, X, matching answer choice c.

The results of an experiment to measure the relative strength of four acids are shown below: Which list shows the four acids in order of increasing strength?Single choice

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