The following table shows information about solutions of two substances, X and Y: Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about X and Y is correct?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

pH measures hydrogen-ion concentration: a lower pH means a higher [H+], so substance X (pH 1) produces far more H+ than substance Y (pH 4).

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- pH = −log10[H+]; therefore [H+] = 10^(−pH).
- For solutions of equal nominal concentration, the stronger acid is the one that produces a larger [H+] (greater degree of ionization).
- Acid vs base: pH < 7 indicates acidic solution; pH > 7 indicates basic.

2. Step‑by‑step reasoning
- Both solutions are 0.1 M in the substance, so differences in pH reflect different extents of ionization (strength).
- Compute [H+] for each using [H+] = 10^(−pH).

3. Calculations (all intermediate steps)
- For X: pH = 1 → [H+] = 10^(−1) = 0.1 M.
- For Y: pH = 4 → [H+] = 10^(−4) = 0.0001 M.
- Compare: 0.1 M / 0.0001 M = 1000 → X produces 1000 times more H+ at the same concentration.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
Because both solutions are 0.1 M, the solution that yields the much larger [H+] is the stronger acid. X produces essentially the entire 0.1 M as H+, indicating it is a strong acid (or far stronger than Y). Y produces only 1.0×10^−4 M H+, indicating it is a much weaker acid at the same concentration. Therefore X is a stronger acid than Y.

5. Why the other choices are incorrect
- a (X is a stronger base than Y): incorrect because pH 1 is strongly acidic, not basic.
- c (Y is a stronger base than X): incorrect; Y has pH 4 (acidic), so it is not a stronger base.
- d (Y is a stronger acid than X): incorrect because Y produces far fewer H+ than X.

6. Conclusion
X is a stronger acid than Y, which matches the provided correct answer (b).

The following table shows information about solutions of two substances, X and Y: Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about X and Y is correct?单项选择题

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