The elasticity approach emphasizes a change in exchanges rates will alter trade balances via a change in the:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
The elasticity approach links exchange-rate changes to trade balances through changes in relative prices and the responsiveness (price elasticities) of import and export demand. Key concepts: exchange rate convention (e = domestic currency per unit foreign), how depreciation/appreciation affects domestic prices of imports and foreign prices of exports, price elasticities of demand, Marshall–Lerner condition (sum of elasticities > 1) and the J-curve (short-run vs long-run adjustment).

2. Complete step-by-step reasoning
Let e denote the nominal exchange rate (domestic currency per unit foreign). Let P_x be the domestic price of exports and P_m* the foreign currency price of imported goods. Domestic-currency price of imports = e · P_m*. Price of exports in foreign currency = P_x / e. If the domestic currency depreciates, e rises. Then: (a) imports become more expensive in domestic currency (e · P_m* increases); (b) exports become cheaper for foreign buyers (P_x / e falls). These relative price changes alter quantities demanded for imports and exports according to their price elasticities.

3. Intermediate calculations and expressions
Trade balance TB = X(P_x_foreign) − M(P_m_domestic).
After depreciation:
P_x_foreign_new = P_x / e_new < P_x / e_old → X increases if export demand is price-elastic.
P_m_domestic_new = e_new · P_m* > e_old · P_m* → M decreases if import demand is price-elastic.
The net effect on TB depends on percentage changes in X and M: ΔTB ≈ ΔX − ΔM. By Marshall–Lerner, if |ε_x| + |ε_m| > 1, depreciation improves TB in the long run.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
Because the elasticity approach explicitly traces how exchange-rate changes change the relative prices faced by buyers (imports more expensive domestically, exports cheaper abroad), and then uses price elasticities to predict how quantities (and thus the trade balance) respond. Thus the mechanism is a change in the relative prices of imports and exports.

5. Why other options are incorrect (brief)
Other possible mechanisms—changes in income, supply-side capacities, or nominal money stocks—are not the focus of the elasticity approach. Those affect trade balances through different channels (income effects, production adjustments, or macro policy), not primarily via relative import/export prices and demand elasticities.

6. Conclusion confirming the answer
Therefore, the elasticity approach emphasizes a change in exchange rates will alter trade balances via a change in the relative prices of imports and exports, which matches the provided answer.

The elasticity approach emphasizes a change in exchanges rates will alter trade balances via a change in the:单项选择题

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