The following is an argument from which you are to answer the next six questions based on Toulmin's model of argument: "George smokes heavily. Heavy smokers are more likely to develop cancer than those who do not smoke. Further, research from the US Department of Health indicates smokers are more likely to get cancer than non-smokers. Therefore, George is likely to develop cancer, unless George is lucky or stops smoking, or a cure is found." Use the following six elements from Toulmin's model to fill in the blanks. 1: "George smokes heavily" is the ________ of this argument. 2: "Heavy smokers are more likely to develop cancer than those who do not smoke" is the ________ of this argument. 3: "Unless George is lucky or stops smoking, or a cure is found" is the ________ of this argument. 4: "Therefore, George is likely to develop cancer" is the ________ of this argument. 5: "Likely" is the ________ of this argument. 6: "Further, research from the US Department of Health indicates smokers are more likely to get cancer" is the ________ of this argument.匹配题
A
claim
B
backing
C
data
D
rebuttal
E
warrant
F
qualifier
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Use the following six elements from Toulmin's model to fill in the blanks. 1: The material, facts, opinions, and evidence that give grounds for an argument are called the ____________. 2: According to Toulmin, the supporting material for the warrant is called the ____________. 3: According to Toulmin, the degree of certainty with which the speaker makes a claim is the ____________. 4: According to Toulmin, the conclusion of the argument-that which the speaker wishes the audience to believe-is called the ____________. 5: According to Toulmin, the exception to the claim is called the ____________. 6: According to Toulmin, the reasoning that justifies and connects the grounds to the conclusion is the _________.
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