Diet mainly dependent on white rice may cause the symptom of:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency causes beriberi, so a diet based mainly on polished (white) rice—depleted of bran and germ where thiamine is concentrated—predisposes to beriberi.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Polishing rice removes most of its B vitamins, especially thiamine (vitamin B1).
- Thiamine is a coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase, α‑ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase, key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway.
- Organs with high metabolic demand (nervous system, heart) are most affected by impaired ATP production.
- Clinical forms: “dry” beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, muscle wasting) and “wet” beriberi (high‑output cardiac failure with edema). Severe deficiency also leads to Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome in alcoholics.

2) Step‑by‑step reasoning
- Step 1: White rice lacks the bran/germ that contain thiamine; an exclusively white‑rice diet gives inadequate thiamine intake.
- Step 2: Inadequate thiamine → reduced activity of thiamine‑dependent enzymes → impaired oxidative metabolism and ATP generation.
- Step 3: Energy failure in nerves and myocardium produces the characteristic signs: symmetric distal paresthesias/weakness (dry beriberi) and tachycardia, cardiomegaly, edema, and high‑output heart failure (wet beriberi).
- Step 4: Therefore the classical disease produced by such a diet is beriberi.

3) Intermediate biochemical logic (no numeric calculation required)
- Loss of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity → accumulation of pyruvate and lactate and reduced acetyl‑CoA for the Krebs cycle → energy deficit in high‑demand tissues → neuropathy and cardiac dysfunction.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Beriberi is the textbook condition resulting from thiamine deficiency caused by reliance on polished white rice.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- High blood pressure: not a classic direct consequence of thiamine deficiency or exclusive white‑rice diets.
- Diabetes: refined carbohydrate intake can influence diabetes risk over time, but diabetes is not the acute or specific deficiency disease of polished‑rice diets.
- Heart disease: while wet beriberi affects the heart, “heart disease” is a broad term; the specific named disease caused by thiamine deficiency is beriberi.

Conclusion: The correct answer is beriberi; this matches the provided answer.

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