Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of ________ to the _______.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle this question, we first identify what long-term potentiation (LTP) is typically associated with at the synaptic level and where these receptors or molecular players are located.
Option 1: 'AMPA receptors; base of dendritic spines' LTP involves strengthening synapses mainly through changes at the postsynaptic density, particularly in AMPA receptor function, but the classic description emphasizes changes at the spine head where receptors accumulate. The 'base of dendritic spines' is less commonly described as the site of the key receptor changes in LTP, so this option misplaces the location.
Option 2: 'NMDA receptors; tip of dendritic spines' NMDA receptors are crucial for the induction of LTP because they detect coincident activity and allow Ca2+ influx, yet the statement couples NMDA receptors with the 'tip of dendritic spines' as the site of movement, which oversimplifies and misstates the role and typical localization of NMDA receptor movement during LTP, since NMDA receptors are not the primary receptors described as moving to the spine tip in classic LTP consolidation.
Option 3: 'AMPA receptors; tip of dendritic spines' This pairing aligns with the widely taught model in which AMPA receptors are trafficked to the postsynaptic density at the spine head (including the near-tip region) to strengthen synaptic transmission during LTP, reflecting the key structural change—insertion and stabilization of more AMPA receptors at the synapse—thereby increasing synaptic efficacy.
Option 4: 'Kappa receptors; base of dendritic spines' Kappa receptors (likely referring to κ-opioid receptors) are not central to the canonical mechanism of LTP in glutamatergic synapses, and their association with the base of dendritic spines does not fit established LTP literature, making this choice biologically implausible.
Option 5: 'NMDA receptors; base of dendritic spines' While NMDA receptors are essential for LTP induction due to their voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx, the phrasing here emphasizes 'base' of the spine as the movement site, which is not the typical description of receptor trafficking during LTP, making this option inaccurate with respect to the standard emphasis on AMPA receptor insertion at the synapse.
In sum, the reasoning centers on two critical ideas: NMDA receptors are key for initiation, but the structural expression of LTP is most characteristically described as an increase in AMPA receptor presence at the postsynaptic site of the spine, particularly at regions corresponding to the synaptic contact area. Misplacing either the receptor type (NMDA vs AMPA) or the precise spine subregion (tip vs base) tends to clash with standard synaptic plasticity concepts. Therefore, the option that correctly pairs AMPA receptors with the tip of the dendritic spines best reflects the established description of LTP-related receptor trafficking and synaptic strengthening.

Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of __ to the _.单项选择题

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Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of ________ to the _______.单项选择题