According to research on social support, which of the following is one of the strongest protective factors against stress?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Having a satisfying marriage is one of the strongest protective factors against stress because close, committed relationships provide reliable emotional, instrumental, and appraisal support that changes both perception and physiological responses to stress.

Relevant concepts: social support includes emotional (empathy, love), instrumental (tangible help), and informational support. Two models explain benefits: the buffering hypothesis (support reduces harmful effects of stress by influencing appraisal and coping) and the main-effect model (support directly promotes better health regardless of stress). Perceived support (believing help is available) often predicts outcomes better than received support. Marital satisfaction measures relationship quality—higher satisfaction means more effective, stable support.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Quality over quantity: A satisfying marriage typically offers consistent, dependable emotional and practical help. This consistent support improves coping strategies and reappraisal of stressors.
2. Psychological pathway: With a supportive spouse, individuals appraise stressors as less threatening and use more adaptive coping (problem-solving, seeking support), reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms.
3. Physiological pathway: Supportive close relationships are associated with lower cortisol responses, reduced cardiovascular reactivity, and better immune function—biological mediators that lower stress-related health risks.
4. Empirical evidence: Longitudinal and epidemiological studies link marital satisfaction with lower morbidity and mortality, better mental health, and resilience under stress—stronger effects than casual friendships or larger but less intimate networks.

Why this option is correct: A satisfying marriage combines proximity, commitment, and mutual investment, making its support both accessible and credible, thereby producing large protective effects against stress.

Why other plausible options are less protective: Large social networks or occasional friendships may provide resources but lack the consistency and depth of a committed partner; workplace or professional support can be helpful but is often situational; material resources (income) reduce stressors but do not provide the same emotional buffering.

Conclusion: Therefore, having a satisfying marriage is correctly identified as one of the strongest protective factors against stress.

According to research on social support, which of the following is one of the strongest protective factors against stress? 单项选择题

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