A 53-year-old construction worker sustains a fracture of their corocoid process. Due to the muscles attaching to the corocoid process, the fracture has severely affected their ability to perform a lot of the actions those muscles perform. Which of the following functions would most likely remain unaffected due to this injury?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The coracoid process serves as the attachment point for several muscles, most notably the short head of the biceps brachii, the coracobrachialis, and the pectoralis minor. When the coracoid is fractured, the functions of these attached muscles are compromised, while muscles that do not originate from the coracoid are largely unaffected.

Option 1: Elbow Flexion. The short head of the biceps brachii originates from the coracoid process. If the coracoid is fractured, this attachment is disrupted, which can diminish the elbow flexion strength or control mediated in part by the short head. Therefore this function is likely to be affected rather than preserved.

Option 2: Shoulder (glenohumeral) abduction. The primary muscles responsible for initial shoulder abduction are the supraspinatus and the deltoid. The coracoid muscles (short head of biceps, coracobrachialis) do not primarily contribute to abduction, especially the initial 0–15 degrees. Thus, abduction is the function least dependent on the coracoid attachment and would most likely remain preserved despite a coracoid fracture.

Option 3: Scapular depression. The pectoralis minor attaches to the coracoid process and assists in moving the scapula downward (depression) and stabilizing it. A fracture disrupting the coracoid would impair this muscle’s contribution, making scapular depression more likely to be affected.

Option 4: Shoulder (glenohumeral) flexion. The coracobrachialis originates from the coracoid process and aids in flexion and adduction of the shoulder. Therefore, flexion would be compromised to some extent due to loss of coracobrachialis function.

Putting it together, the function least affected by a coracoid fracture—i.e., the one most likely to remain intact—is the shoulder (glenohumeral) abduction, which is primarily performed by muscles not anchored to the coracoid.

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