Question at position 25 The study of economics exists because people are confronted with the basic problem of 4MCM28monopolyelasticityoverabundancescarcitynegative externality单项选择题
A
monopoly
B
elasticity
C
overabundance
D
scarcity
E
negative externality

Question

Question at position 25 The study of economics exists because people are confronted with the basic problem of 4MCM28monopolyelasticityoverabundancescarcitynegative externality

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Scarcity is the foundational economic problem because resources (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship) are limited while human wants and needs are effectively unlimited.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Scarcity: limited resources relative to unlimited wants.
- Opportunity cost: choosing one use of a resource means forgoing the next best alternative.
- Allocation and trade-offs: scarcity forces choices about how to allocate resources efficiently.
- Marginal analysis: decisions are made at the margin because scarcity requires weighing incremental benefits and costs.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
Step 1: Identify the condition that gives rise to the study of economics. If resources were unlimited, there would be no need to choose among alternatives.  
Step 2: Observe that individuals and societies face many competing wants (food, shelter, education), but productive inputs are finite.  
Step 3: Because choices must be made, economics analyzes how to allocate scarce resources to satisfy as many wants as possible and what the opportunity costs of choices are.  
Step 4: Therefore, the central problem economics addresses is scarcity, which generates trade-offs, decision-making, and the study of markets, prices, and policy.

3. Calculations or intermediate logical steps
No numeric calculation is required; the logical chain is: limited resources + unlimited wants → necessary choices → opportunity costs → study of allocation = economics.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
Scarcity directly explains why economics exists: to study how societies manage limited means to satisfy competing ends. Concepts such as supply, demand, prices, and welfare all stem from scarcity.

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- Monopoly: a market structure, not the basic reason economics exists.  
- Elasticity: a tool measuring responsiveness, derived from scarcity and market interactions.  
- Overabundance: the opposite of the issue; if present, economics questions would largely disappear.  
- Negative externality: a type of market failure, not the root problem that creates economic questions.

6. Conclusion
All reasoning confirms the correct answer is "scarcity," matching the provided answer.

Question at position 25 The study of economics exists because people are confronted with the basic problem of 4MCM28monopolyelasticityoverabundancescarcitynegative externality单项选择题

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