Question textRefer to the labelled nephron diagram below. For each statement, use the labelled regions shown and select the two answers that best complete the statement. The region labelled 5 is primarily associated with Answer 1 Question 16[select: , initial filtration of plasma, bulk glucose reabsorption only, urine storage, fine regulation of ions and pH, water-only filtration], and this region is influenced by Answer 2 Question 16[select: , aldosterone, pepsin, bile, insulin, glucagon]. The region labelled 3 is primarily associated with Answer 3 Question 16[select: , RBC formation, filtration of proteins, active sodium pumping only, water reabsorption in the descending limb, ADH release], and this contributes to Answer 4 Question 16[select: , diluting Bowman's capsule fluid, storing urine, concentrating the tubular fluid, raising blood glucose, preventing filtration]. The region labelled 4 is primarily associated with Answer 5 Question 16[select: , protein secretion, ion reabsorption in the ascending limb, urine storage, ADH synthesis, glucose filtration], and this helps create the Answer 6 Question 16[select: , medullary osmotic gradient, filtration membrane, acid-base buffer in plasma only, glomerular capsule, renal pelvis pressure]. ADH secretion usually decreases when Answer 7 Question 16[select: , renal perfusion falls, plasma osmolarity rises, plasma osmolarity falls, angiotensin II rises, blood pressure falls sharply], and this results in urine becoming Answer 8 Question 16[select: , higher in glucose, protein rich, more concentrated, more dilute, unchanged]. ADH acts mainly on the Answer 9 Question 16[select: , collecting duct, renal pelvis, Bowman's capsule, afferent arteriole, glomerulus], and increases insertion of Answer 10 Question 16[select: , erythrocytes, podocytes, nephrons, enzymes, aquaporins]. RAAS activation commonly follows Answer 11 Question 16[select: , after a meal, high plasma osmolarity, decreased blood pressure, high insulin, high urine volume only], and one downstream effect is Answer 12 Question 16[select: , reduced vasoconstriction, lower blood volume, increased aldosterone secretion, large dilute urine output, decreased sodium reabsorption].多项填空题

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These are the results of renal tests performed on a patient suspected of having renal hypertension:    Plasma inulin = 0.90 mg/ml Urine inulin = 45 mg/ml Urine flow rate = 18 ml/10 min Plasma PAH = 0.09 mg/ml HCT = 39% Plasma Na+ = 142 mEq/L Urine PAH = 25 mg/ml Urine glucose = 172.67 mg/ml Plasma glucose = 762 mg % MCHC = 34% Hb = 16 g % Tm glucose reabs = 375 mg/min   Calculate Effective Renal Plasma Flow for this patient and select the correct equation with answer and correct units:  [ Select ] 172.67 * 1.8/ 0.09 = 3453.4 45 * 1.8/ 0.09 = 900 142 * 1.8/ 0.09 = 2840 25 * 1.8/ 0.09 = 500 [ Select ] mEq/L mg/min mg/ml ml/min   Calculate the total Renal Blood Flow for this patient choose the correct answer and correct units: [ Select ] 1250 819.7 719.4 910.7 [ Select ] mEq/L mg/ml ml/min mg/min   Is your answer for RBF normal?  Higher or Lower than normal?     [ Select ] Lower Normal Higher     Calculate the Tubular Load (Filtered Load) of glucose: [ Select ] 90 685.8 310.8 952.5 [ Select ] mEq/L mg/min mg/ml ml/min   Calculate the Excretion Rate of glucose: [ Select ] 13.7 577.5 310.8 40.8 [ Select ] mg/ml ml/min mg/min mEq/L  

Which of the following conditions would tend to decrease urine specific gravity?

Using Long's coefficient, we can use the value of specific gravity of a urine sample to have an idea about its _______________.

According to the Renal PhysioEx: Together, the afferent and efferent arterioles regulate glomerular filtration pressure. If only the afferent arteriole vasoconstricts, GFR will [ Select ] increase decrease and urine flow rate will [ Select ] increase decrease .

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