In the 1990s a new system was discovered that degrades proteins within cells. This system was called

Question

In the 1990s a new system was discovered that degrades proteins within cells.  This system was called

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating what was discovered in the 1990s as a system that degrades proteins within cells, several possibilities come to mind, each with distinct roles in intracellular turnover.
Option 1: 'cytosolic protease group' — While there are various proteases in the cytosol, this phrasing is too generic and does not refer to a single, specific protein-degradation system that explains targeted, regulated proteolysis in the way the known ubiquitin-proteasome pathway does. It misses the crucial regulatory mechanism of tagging proteins for destruction.
Option 2: 'the lysosome' — The lysosome is indeed a major degradative organelle, but its function is more associated with endocytosis and autophagy delivering cargo to lysosomes for breakdown. This does not capture the specific cytosolic proteolytic system that processes ubiquitin-tagged substrates with a proteasome complex.
Option 3: 'the proteasome' — This option points to the multi-subunit proteasome complex, central to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. It degrades proteins that have been marked with ubiquitin, and its characterization in the 1990s revealed a regulated, ATP-dependent proteolytic machine essential for protein turnover, cell cycle control, and many signaling pathways. This aligns with the historical discovery of the targeted protein degradation mechanism.
Option 4: 'autophagy' — Autophagy is a degradative process that delivers cytoplasmic material to lysosomes for breakdown, often involved in bulk or selective degradation under stress. It is not the proteasome and does not describe the specific proteolytic system discovered in the 1990s that directly degrades ubiquitin-tagged substrates in the cytosol.
In summary, while other degradation pathways exist, only 'the proteasome' precisely corresponds to the identified, regulated protein-degradation system highlighted in the 1990s literature, distinguishing it from generic cytosolic proteases, lysosomal pathways, and autophagy-based processes.

In the 1990s a new system was discovered that degrades proteins within cells. This system was called单项选择题

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