位置2的问题 (Production 1)--- The unit cost of outputs from customized production is ___.--- The unit cost of outputs from standardized production is ___.high, highhigh, lowlow, highlow, low单项选择题
A
high, high
B
high, low
C
low, high
D
low, low

Question

位置2的问题 (Production 1)--- The unit cost of outputs from customized production is ___.--- The unit cost of outputs from standardized production is ___.high, highhigh, lowlow, highlow, low

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Customized production has a high unit cost because each unit is unique and cannot fully benefit from spreading fixed costs or from process automation; standardized production has a low unit cost because mass production spreads fixed costs and enables automation and learning-curve efficiencies.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Unit cost decomposition: Unit cost = (Fixed costs / Quantity) + Variable cost per unit.
- Economies of scale: higher volume reduces fixed cost per unit.
- Customization effects: low volume, frequent changeovers, skilled labor, and design engineering raise both fixed-cost allocation and variable costs.
- Standardization effects: high volume, repeatability, automation, and specialization lower variable costs and fixed-cost allocation.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Start with the formula: C_unit = F/Q + v.
- For customized production: Q is small (low volume), so F/Q is large; v is higher due to bespoke materials, setups, and skilled work. Both terms make C_unit high.
- For standardized production: Q is large, so F/Q is small; v is lower thanks to automation and process efficiency. Both terms make C_unit low.

3) Intermediate (illustrative) calculation
- Suppose F = 10,000. For customized: Q = 10, v = 200 → C_unit = 10,000/10 + 200 = 1,000 + 200 = 1,200 (high).
- For standardized: Q = 1,000, v = 50 → C_unit = 10,000/1,000 + 50 = 10 + 50 = 60 (low).
- These numbers illustrate how volume and variable costs drive the result.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Customized output incurs high per-unit cost because low volumes and high per-unit variable inputs inflate both components of the unit-cost formula. Standardized output lowers both components through volume and process efficiency, yielding low unit cost.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- "high, high": ignores economies of scale in standardized production; standardized should lower unit cost.
- "low, high": reverses expected effects—customized is not low, and standardized is not high.
- "low, low": incorrectly claims customization yields low unit cost despite low volumes and bespoke costs.

6) Conclusion
The correct pairing is high for customized production and low for standardized production, matching the provided answer: "high, low."

位置2的问题 (Production 1)--- The unit cost of outputs from customized production is _.--- The unit cost of outputs from standardized production is _.high, highhigh, lowlow, highlow, low单项选择题

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