Which of the following statement are CORRECT about root and wood rot fungi that infect plants?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Wood-rot fungi secrete extracellular enzymes (cellulases, laccases, lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases) that break down the major structural polymers of wood—cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—and can attack suberin in root and wound tissues.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Enzymatic degradation: Wood-decay fungi produce suites of enzymes capable of depolymerizing cellulose and lignin, allowing them to metabolize wood.
- Infection route and colonization: Many root and butt-rot fungi enter via roots or wounds, grow as hyphae/mycelium, and colonize internal woody tissues.
- Physiological impact: Decay and hyphal growth disrupt xylem and phloem function, weakening water/nutrient transport and causing decline.
- Diagnostic signs: Fruiting bodies (macroscopic basidiocarps, conks, brackets) are produced when the fungus is mature and are clear external indicators of internal colonization.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Option: “Although wood has strong structural materials... these fungi can produce enzymes that are capable of degrading these materials.” Enzyme families (cellulases, laccases, peroxidases) directly hydrolyze or oxidize the polymers; this is well-documented for basidiomycete wood-rot fungi.
- Option: “The fungal hyphae can colonize the plant roots and spread into the trunk, obstructing the phloem and xylem flow leading to general decline.” Hyphae physically occupy and enzymatically degrade vascular tissues; loss of structural integrity and occlusion reduce transport, producing canopy dieback and decline.
- Option: “Wood rots can infect through invasion of mycelium into wounds.” Wounds expose inner tissues and provide entry points; mycelium/colonized debris in soil/root contacts commonly initiate infection.
- Option: “A colonised tree can be identified by the presence of macroscopic basidiocarps.” Basidiocarps arise from internal mycelium and their presence is a reliable sign of established decay (though absence does not guarantee absence of decay).

3. Calculations/intermediate steps: none required.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
Each individual statement accurately describes known biology, pathology, and diagnosis of root and wood-rot fungi. Together they summarize how these fungi infect, degrade, and reveal themselves on trees.

5. Why other options are incorrect
Not applicable—each listed option is correct; therefore no individual option is incorrect.

6. Conclusion
All statements are correct. This confirms the provided answer: All statements are correct.

Which of the following statement are CORRECT about root and wood rot fungi that infect plants?单项选择题

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