In his TED talk, Kang Lee described transdermal optical imaging, a method that allows scientists to measure facial blood flow. Using this technique, Kang Lee discovered the Pinocchio effect. This refers to

Question

In his TED talk, Kang Lee described transdermal optical imaging, a method that allows scientists to measure facial blood flow. Using this technique, Kang Lee discovered the Pinocchio effect. This refers to

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Transdermal optical imaging reveals small, rapid changes in skin color produced by shifting blood volume under the skin, so Kang Lee used this to map facial blood-flow patterns during truth and deception. The Pinocchio effect refers specifically to the pattern of decreased blood flow in the cheeks and increased blood flow in the nose when people tell lies.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Transdermal optical imaging uses ordinary video and algorithms to isolate hemoglobin-related color changes (blood flow) from other skin-color signals.  
- Emotional and cognitive states (stress, arousal) produce autonomic responses that redistribute blood in the face.  
- The “Pinocchio effect” is an empirical pattern discovered by Kang Lee linking deception with a characteristic facial blood-flow change.

2) Step-by-step reasoning and experimental method
- Record high-resolution facial video while subjects answer truthfully and deceptively.  
- Use signal-processing algorithms to extract hemoglobin concentration changes in different facial regions over time.  
- Compare averaged blood-flow signals for truthful versus deceptive responses across many trials and participants.  
- Statistical analysis showed a reliable increase in blood flow in the nasal region and a relative decrease in cheek perfusion during lies.

3) Calculations/intermediate steps
- Although no numeric computation is required here, the method involves computing time-series of hemoglobin signal intensity per facial region, then performing within-subject contrasts (lie minus truth) and group-level significance tests to identify consistent regional differences.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- The observed pattern—nose blood-flow increase with concurrent cheek decrease during deception—was the consistent signature Kang Lee labeled the “Pinocchio effect” in his TED talk and publications.

5) Why other interpretations are incorrect
- It is not literal nose growth, nor solely skin conductance or pulse-rate change; it’s a spatial pattern of facial blood-flow redistribution detectable optically. Any alternative claiming different facial regions or only sweat/pulse would not match Lee’s reported findings.

6) Conclusion
The explanation supports and confirms the provided answer: the Pinocchio effect is the observation that during lying blood flow to the cheeks is decreased and to the nose is increased.

In his TED talk, Kang Lee described transdermal optical imaging, a method that allows scientists to measure facial blood flow. Using this technique, Kang Lee discovered the Pinocchio effect. This refers to单项选择题

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