Which one of the following statements about the following phylogenetic tree is correct?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To interpret the phylogenetic tree, observe which taxa share the most recent common ancestor (i.e., are most closely related) based on the branching pattern.

Option 1: 'The closest species to B are A and C' This would be true if B shared a most recent common ancestor with both A and C at the same internal node. However, the tree shows A and B forming a tight pair on one branch, while C groups with D on a separate branch. B’s closest relative is A, not C, so this statement is inaccurate.

Option 2: 'The closest species to D are C and E' Looking at the structure, D is closely paired with C on the same small clade, but E lies on a different branch that joins further down the tree. Therefore, D’s closest relative is C, not E, making this assertion incorrect.

Option 3: 'The closest species to A is B' The tree shows A and B as sister taxa within the same small clade, sharing an immediate common node. This is the hallmark of being each other’s closest relatives, so this statement aligns with the topology.

Option 4: 'The closest species to E is D' While D and C form a nearby clade, E branches off on a different line and connects to the rest of the tree higher up. Thus, E’s closest relative is not D, and this statement is misleading given the branching pattern.

Overall, by tracing the immediate sister relationships on the drawn tree, A and B are each other’s closest relatives, while the other pairings are not supported by the nearest-branch relationships depicted.

Which one of the following statements about the following phylogenetic tree is correct?单项选择题

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