Question at position 34 Based on the following phylogeny, which two species share a more recent common ancestor? Green sea turtle and a Japanese geckoAmerican alligator and a green sea turtleGreen sea turtle and a Komodo dragonAmerican alligator and a humanAmerican alligator and a chickenClear my selection

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To determine who shares a more recent common ancestor, we examine the phylogenetic relationships shown in the diagram and compare how recently different pairs diverged from their last common ancestor.
Option 1: Green sea turtle and a Japanese gecko. The green sea turtle is a reptile (cheloniid turtle) and the Japanese gecko is a lizard (gekkotaur). Reptiles split into major lineages long before these two groups, so their last common ancestor is quite distant.
Option 2: American alligator and a green sea turtle. The American alligator is a crocodilian, while the green sea turtle is a chelonian. Crocodilians and turtles diverged earlier in reptile evolution, so their most recent shared ancestor is not very close.
Option 3: Green sea turtle and a Komodo dragon. The Komodo dragon is a monitor lizard, another squamate. While both are reptiles, turtles branched off earlier from the common reptilian ancestor than the split between turtles and lizards, making their last common ancestor relatively older than that of birds and crocodilians.
Option 4: American alligator and a human. The human is a mammal, while the American alligator is a crocodilian (reptile). Their divergence is within amniotes, but mammals and reptiles split very early in vertebrate evolution, so the most recent common ancestor is older than the one shared with birds.
Option 5: American alligator and a chicken. The chicken is a bird, and birds are dinosaurs within the diapsid lineage that also includes crocodilians. In modern phylogeny, birds (Aves) and crocodilians (Crocodylia) are sister groups within Archosauria, sharing a more recent common ancestor with each other than either does with mammals or with turtles/lizards. This pair thus has the closest recent common ancestor among the options.

Overall, comparing all choices, the pair that traces back to the most recent shared ancestor is the American alligator and a chicken, due to their placement within Archosauria as crocodilians and birds, respectively, which are closely related lineages within that group.

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