An enzyme that cleaves a glycerophospholipid is known as a:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Phospholipases hydrolyze glycerophospholipids by cleaving specific bonds on the glycerol backbone or the phospho–headgroup.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Glycerophospholipids (phospholipids) have a glycerol backbone, two fatty acyl chains (at sn-1 and sn-2) and a phosphorylated head group.  
- Enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids are called phospholipases; they are classified by the bond they cut: PLA1 (sn‑1 acyl chain), PLA2 (sn‑2 acyl chain), PLC (between glycerol and phosphate → diacylglycerol + head group), and PLD (after the phosphate → phosphatidic acid + head group).  
- Kinases add phosphate groups; phosphatases remove phosphate groups; lipases typically hydrolyze triacylglycerols (not phospholipids).

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- The question asks for the name of an enzyme that cleaves a glycerophospholipid.  
- The general term for enzymes that cleave phospholipids is “phospholipase.”  
- More specific names (PLA, PLC, PLD) describe the exact bond cleaved, but the family name remains phospholipase.

3) Calculations
- No numeric calculations are required for this conceptual question.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- “Phospholipase” directly denotes an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids (glycerophospholipids). Each subclass (A1, A2, C, D) corresponds to a specific cleavage site on the glycerophospholipid, demonstrating that this is the appropriate family name.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- Kinase: catalyzes phosphorylation (adds phosphate), not cleavage.  
- Phosphatase: removes phosphate groups but does not generally cleave the glycerol–fatty acid ester bonds of glycerophospholipids.  
- Lipophase: not a standard enzyme name (likely a misspelling of lipase).  
- Diacylase: not a standard enzyme term for phospholipid cleavage; lipases/diacylglycerol lipases act on different substrates.

6) Conclusion
Therefore the correct answer is Phospholipase, which matches the provided answer.

An enzyme that cleaves a glycerophospholipid is known as a:单项选择题

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